The 5 th conference on performancebased fire and fire protection engineering optimized design on the width and spacing of the cross passageway in tunnels tang zhi a. Fspr is being employed in the construction of gongbei tunnel of zhuhai link project in hong kong. The contractor must expend a significant amount of resources to excavate the ground and to purchase the building materials to construct the tunnel. Cross passage construction between twin tunnels is. The passengers were considered to reach a point of safety after reaching 10 feet 3048 mm inside of the cross passage. Cross passages are required to be constructed for a certain length of underground metro tunnels to provide for emergency and maintenance access.
Coordinated project, environmental impact, coordinator general, cross river rail created date. Analysis and construction of cross passage of delhi metro hsiung, b. Cross passage between two bored tunnels showing sliding door open at far end, illuminated exit sign, equipment cabinets, pressurization fans, and emergency lighting fixtures port of miami tunnel 15 figure 22. Other temporary structures are three ventilation shafts including cross passages between the tunnel tubes. Costs to construct each crosspassage in this situation can be high. Cross section of a typical twin bore tunnel with cross passage escape route on long tunnels, ventilation shafts may also be required at intermediate points. There will be a cross over between the tunnels every 333 metres 1,093 ft. Pdf construction methods for cross passage in soft. Underground construction tunneling osha 311506r 2003. Construction methods for cross passage in soft ground tunnels in china. Figure 2 below shows a typical crosssection of a twinbored tunnel with cross passage. The passengers were considered to reach a point of safety after reaching 10 feet 3048 mm inside of the crosspassage.
The cross passage construction site is underground in the tunnel, and considered to be one of the most dangerous in metro construction. In this paper, design and construction of cross passage of urban metro are discussed using a case history from a contract at south end of qutab minar line of the delhi metro project. Orgnisation after more than 125years ofdebate, the danish state finallyagreed tothe fixed link. Construction of a cross passage between two mrt tunnels. The content of the open access version may differ from that of the licensed version. This includes soil, rock, water and gas conditions that are not as expected or accurately investigated. Analysis and construction of cross passage in mixed ground condition of bangalore metro 2 was found below m from ground level, and sptn value was more than 50. Considering the effect of cross passage construction and the local weakening area of surrounding rock on the safety of existing tunnel structure, the. Design of ground freezing for cross passages and tunnel adits. As with any construction project, the cost of tunnel construction is largely dependent on the level of effort needed to perform the work as well as the risks faced by the project.
Costs to construct each cross passage in this situation can be high. The cross passage construction technique is a step change in the approach rather than just an incremental change in methodologies. In general, a cross passage is either built between two tunnels, or can be connected between the tunnel and surface level, more commonly known as an escape shaft. Risk control at the design of a km long railway tunnel. The final design will consist of two tunnels, 55 kilometres 34 mi long. Design of ground freezing for cross passages and tunnel adits j. Current practice on crosspassage design to support safety in rail and metro tunnels itacosuf regulations, guidelines and best practice crosspassages are important elements of twintube rail or metro tunnels. Crews will be building one headwall for the cross passage required for future maintenance of the tunnels. The total length of the gotthard base tunnel is 57 km currently the longest tunnel in the world, it consists of two singletrack tunnels with 350 sliding cross passage doors. The use of tunnelform produces high quality monolithic structures. The cross passage doors are fixed to hotrolled halfen castin channels. Cross passage headwall construction for twin tunnels stage 2. Senior design engineer, cecsomacici jv, bangalore560001. It eliminates the use of any subsequent wet trades plastering etc.
Analysis and construction of cross passage in mixed ground condition of bangalore metro harsha g. Optimal analysis of tunnel construction methods through. This influence to lookout the route for the tunnel and whether it is economical or feasible to construct where there may be poor conditions of defects in strata. The use of tunnel form produces high quality monolithic structures. This paper describes the design and construction ofthebored cross passages. Unlike the behaviour of a full tunnel ring, the structural integrity of a tunnel crosspassage opening relies on support from adjacent linings. October 2017 changes to the bicycle network pdf, 1. Pdf construction methods for cross passage in soft ground. Analysis and construction of cross passage of delhi metro. It also applies to cutandcover excavations connected to ongoing underground construction as well as those that create conditions characteristic of underground construction.
In most of the cases tunnel construction is expensive but it saves time and provides comfort. Effect of cross passage construction on the structural. On the basis of the engineering background of cross passage construction in the chen yu tunnel project, the collapse section above the intersection of the existing tunnel is selected to establish finite element model. The preferred alternative has two overarching components. Cross section of typical twin bore tunnel with cross passage escape route. Bored tunnel geometry cross passage spacing is particularly important in bored tunnel construction where cross passages have to be mined in poor soil. Cross passage headwall construction for twin tunnels stage 2 southside switch update. Cross passage construction between twin tunnels is one of the most critical aspects of an underground metro tunnelling project.
Every tunnel also has its own length, face area, depth, and lining type and can pass through urban or rural locations. Crews will be building one headwall for the crosspassage required for future maintenance of the tunnels. Optimal analysis of tunnel construction methods through cross. Fspr is being employed in the construction of gongbei tunnel of zhuhai link project in. Artificial ground freezing agf is, nowadays, widely used in tunnelling for temporarily sealing rocks and soils, especially sandy soils with high water content for metro tunnel construction in large cities. In order to start to build permanent structural works in tbm driven shafts as early as possible, construction activities of cross passages should be. The major concern things are required during tunnel construction. Optimized design on the width and spacing of the cross. In this paper, construction of cross passage for a twin tunnel system has been discussed along with problem encountered and solution adopted, by using a case history of cross passage in r. It is basically an operation to cast walls and slabs in one operation in a.
Artificial ground freezing in cross passage construction. A tunnel is an excavation beneath the surface of the ground, the longer axis of which makes an angle not greater than 20 degrees to the horizontal. The mainline tunnels and cross passages were designed as undrained structures to prevent groundwater drawdown in the permanent condition. Pdf cross passages are required to connect twin tunnels of the typical singapore mrt as part of the tunnel fire life safety strategy. May 2017 getting melbourne ready for metro tunnel construction pdf, 934. Ground freezing has been used extensively in the last ten years for the construction of transit tunnel cross passages and sem tunnels, as well as short adits for utility tunnels. Nearly all tunnels have cross passages between two tubes. Designer and contractors often prescribe significant temporary steel support systems within the mainline tunnels during cross passage construction to help support the estimated loads and minimize deformation. It links darling harbour on the western fringe of the central business district to rushcutters bay in the eastern suburbs. A cross passage is a smaller tunnel placed between two other parallel tunnels for maintenance or emergency purposes. In figure 1, the cross passage between two mrt tunnels is located on the nan ya south road, in the southwest of the lacustrine taipei basin.
Realtime information on the specific location of people within this dangerous site can be very helpful for construction safety management. During construction and operation, the cross passages serve different functions. Before using the tunnel first know the purpose of using tunnels and crosssection of the tunnel. Cross section of a typical twin bore tunnel with cross passage escape route on long tunnels, ventilation shafts may also be required at intermediate points along the tunnel to provide further emergency service access and evacuation points. A centre tunnel 12 metres 39 ft below the two primary tunnels will be used during construction as a guide tunnel to determine geological conditions, and later for drainage and emergency access. The tunnel was 2,400 feet long nearly a halfmile the longest crossborder tunnel ever discovered. In this paper, design and construction of a cross passage in a contract at south end of qutab minar line of the delhi metro project are described. Pre excavation grouting for groundwater ingress control 2 figure 2 cross passage steel segment entrance along the south bound tunnel. Smart cross passage uses the rail tracks installed to service the tbm excavation of the main tunnel tubes. Information about the geological conditions, the form of construction and the nature of any ground treatment or dewatering at each cross passage is presented here for reference. Realtime safety early warning system for cross passage. Selection of tunnel alignment and construction for the sheppard east lrt project in toronto. They do not need more unpleasant surprises that can arise during cross passage construction. Keywords cross passage, tunnel linings, horseshoe shape, geotechnical, ground treatment.
The osha underground construction regulation 29 cfr 1926. It is basically an operation to cast walls and slabs in one operation in a daily cycle. Preexcavation grouting for groundwater ingress control in. Construction of cross passages in underground metro tunnels free download as powerpoint presentation. Cross passage between two bored tunnels showing sliding door open at far end, illuminated exit sign, equipment cabinets, pressurization fans, and emergency lighting fixtures port of miami tunnel 15. A major component of these twin tunnel projects is the construction of transverse cross passages connecting the two tunnels for emergency. Different methods of tunnel construction and their details are discussed. There is an open access version for this licensed article that can be read free of charge and without license restrictions. Cross city tunnel cct is a privately financed, constructed, owned and operated toll road which passes to government after 18 december 2035 2006a, p157.
In this paper, construction of crosspassage for a twin tunnel system has been discussed along with problem encountered and solution adopted, by using a case history of cross passage in r. Introduction twin bored tunnels are commonly used for a variety of road and tunnel projects throughout the world. Cross passage headwall construction for twin tunnels stage. Moretrench, a hayward baker company, rockaway, nj, usa. Risk control at the design of a km long railway tunnel in. To create an underground passage that passes through the hill, under buildings or roads, underwater or under entire cities tunnels are required. Such a large pressure may have imposed a safety threat to the tunnels.
A shaft is 1 a passage made from the surface of the ground to a point underground, the longer axis of which makes an angle. Tunnel form construction technique was invented over 50 years ago. Secretariat central board of irrigation and power following. This paper introduces the design and construction of cross passages for the yangtze river tunnel in wuhan metro line2. The behaviour of castiron cross passages in the london underground was investigated using threedimensional finite element models. Contents preface acknowledgementsandpermissions abbreviations symbols introduction xv xvii xxi xxiii 1 1. Construction strategy bored tunnels are constructed either by starting from one entrance and constructing the whole tunnel or by starting at both entrances and meeting in the middle. The conversion section of the cross passage and shaft is a priority concern in the stress transformation of a tunnel structure during subway underground excavation. Bored tunnel geometry crosspassage spacing is particularly important in bored tunnel construction where crosspassages have to be mined in poor soil. The water table is approximately 2m knm below ground level. Cross passage between two bored tunnels showing sliding door open at far end, illuminated exit sign.
Apr 08, 2020 tunnel construction methods introduction. Crossrail tunnel cross passages construction methods and. Design and construction of cross passages atthe storebcelt. Current practice on cross passage design to support safety in rail and metro tunnels itacosuf regulations, guidelines and best practice cross passages are important elements of twintube rail or metro tunnels. Figure 2 below shows a typical cross section of a twinbored tunnel with cross passage.
A tunnel construction is an underground passage provided beneath earth surface or water. Coordinated project, environmental impact, coordinator general, cross river rail. A major component of these twin tunnel projects is the construction of transverse cross passages connecting the. Construction of a crosspassage for a twin tunnel system for. In 2006, i visited a sophisticated tunnel discovered by the multiagency san diego tunnel task force, stretching from an abandoned warehouse near the southern border of california into tijuana, mexico. Senator feinstein chairs a hearing on border tunnels 2006 tunnel stretching across the u. Construction of a crosspassage for a twin tunnel system. Lot tf3 tullnerfeld this construction lot consists of various earth, road, dewatering and landscaping works e. Tunnelling professionals often face a world of unpredictability. Demonstrates an extensive research programme and dedication to find an improved solution to probably one of the greatest challenges for tunnel boring machine tbm soft ground transport tunnels. In addition to all of these variables, tunnelling is also affected by many indirect factors often related to the country of construction as each differs in its labour costs, health. Construction of cross passages in underground metro tunnels. Three aspects of cross passage design and construction require structural consideration.