Therefore, the quartz sensor was also chosen for the ontario ministry. Kistler piezo quartz wim sensors consist of quartz sensing elements encapsulated in an aluminium profile. It has applications in landing gear drop test or groundbreaking crash wall for highspeed trainswith a measuring range that is 20 times higher. Design and fabrication of a piezoelectric sensor for. To evaluate weigh in motion wim sensors and techniques for measuring traffic loads, a wim system standard is introduced. In this study, a novel asymmetric cruciform harvester with d 15 mode is proposed. Traffic characterization and prediction year title authors. In 1997, a threeyear research study was established at the connecticut department of transportation to install and evaluate the quartz piezoelectric or quartz piezo sensor technology for use in weigh in motion wim. The piezoelectric sensors usually is encapsulated in an epoxyfilled metal channel, such as aluminum. Other specifications include the use of two strip sensors of unspecified technology but capable of achieving a minimum of class c15 accuracy. Successful practices in weighinmotion data quality. Sensors and smart structures technologies for civil, mechanical, and aerospace systems 2014. Development of a novel piezoelectric sensing system for. It is placed in the travel lane perpendicular to the direction of travel enabling the wheels of one axle to hit the sensor at the same time.
Successful practices in weighinmotion data quality with. An evaluation of quartz piezo electric weigh in motion sensors article in transportation research record journal of the transportation research board 19451. These installations also called into question the durability of the. Weighinmotion wim is a primary technology used for. Type i and type ii wima definitions given by astm e1802. Implementation and evaluation of a lowcost weighinmotion system taek m. However, bl sensors are highly sensitive to temperature, which limits the accuracy of weight. The asymmetric cruciform beam is composed of one main beam and two asymmetric side. Kistler group piezoelectric pressure sensor 603c, acc. Cable wires are soldered to terminals outside the case and acceleration. Mswim or multisensor wim system refers to wim systems using multiple piezoelectric sensors.
The model 8405 incorporates a hybrid electronic assembly. An important part of the project is field tests of different methods and equipment for collecting weigh in motion wim data, with high speed wim equipment, and v2i communication where the vehicle reports its own weight. Using low frequency quartz tuning forks as disposable mass sensors, the authors were able to observe various phases of the pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm dynamics. A virtual weigh station vws is an enforcement facility that does not require continuous staffing and is monitored from another location. Piezoelectric weighinmotion sensors technical evaluation report. Weighinmotion wim data provides vital information for. In order to control the adverse effect of vehicles overloading infrastructure and traffic safety, weightinmotion wimrelated research has drawn growing attention. Assessment of relationship with weight enforcement agency. The aim of the article is to investigate the accuracy of 77 operative weighin. In 1997, a threeyear research study was established at the connecticut department of transportation to install and evaluate the quartzpiezoelectric or quartzpiezo sensor technology for use in weighinmotion wim. Relative to wim systems, piezoelectric sensors are possibly the most frequently mentioned, and more specifically, quartz piezoelectric sensors, with respect to balancing data quality and cost.
Design, construction and operation of a prototype to measure load in a flexible pavement structure this paper presents the design and construction of a prototype able to measure weighinmotion on a flexible pavement structure, through the vibrations generated when vehicles move on these road structures. Evaluation of piezoelectric weighinmotion system request pdf. The wim system shall consist of the following subsystems. Realtime weighinmotion measurement using fiber bragg grating sensors. Cardinals qwim series inmotion vehicle scales offers the best combination of performance, cost of ownership and ease of maintenance available. Taek kwons research page this page is intended to provide a brief overview of my current research work at umd. Weighinmotion equipment experiences and challenges. Investigation of environmental impacts on piezoelectric. Evaluation of quartz piezoelectric weigh in motion sensors. Design, construction and operation of a prototype to measure. The qwim is available in either a single or dual threshold configuration. Another state reported the cost per lane of a single. A total of 3,235 vehicle records were compared for three parameters.
Improvements in piezoelectric sensors and wim data. Read highspeed weighinmotion system calibration practices. Study on dynamic weighing system of high precision array. Evaluating of three types of weighinmotion piezoelectric sensors. To evaluate weighinmotion wim sensors and techniques for measuring traffic loads, a wim system standard is introduced. It is designed for the measurement of low level, broadband frequency vibrations. Volume 29, issue 6 laboratory and field evaluation of piezoelectric weigh in motion sensors received 20 november 2000. To date, most of the experience with weighinmotion scales has been with transducerbased scales 7, 8. The analysis presented deals with the accuracy of a piezoelectric weigh in motion system installed on interstate 19 in the state of oregon. Key words weigh in motion, weigh in motion scales, piezoelectricity, piezoelectric materials, sensors, calibration 18. Outsourced wim program support activities by respondent equipment. In the last week of september 2010, piezo polymer and quartz sensors. Eval board software for hardware monitors and digital temperature sensors. The norwegian public roads administration focus on issues to improve weight controls, and the quality of statistic weigh data.
The evaluation verified that the piezoelectric quartz sensor technology has the best weight measurement accuracy, nonsensitivity to temperature change, and an overall best performance among these three sensors. Implementation and evaluation of a lowcost weigh in motion system 5. The standard display is a 4line by 20character lcd. Quartz piezo wim devices, like electric piezos, are relatively inexpensive and not difficult to install.
Sensors free fulltext investigation of weighinmotion. The 16 alphanumeric keys allow the user the option to program the unit without the use of a computer. Using kistler lineas quartz sensors, cardinal adds our own cvm series of high performance wim controller to produce an inmotion scale that is second to none. Implementation and evaluation of a lowcost weighin. Investigation of environmental impacts on piezoelectric weighinmotion sensing system by shahram hashemi vaziri a thesis presented to the university of waterloo in fulfillment of the thesis requirement for the degree of doctor of philosophy in civil engineering waterloo, ontario, canada, 2011 shahram hashemi vaziri 2011. In order to control the adverse effect of vehicles overloading infrastructure and traffic safety, weight in motion wimrelated research has drawn growing attention. Practical application of data from weighinmotion has become more common recently, which calls for adequate attention to data quality. Accuracy of weighinmotion scales and piezoelectric cables. National academies of sciences, engineering, and medicine. A comparing analysis of traffic monitoring systems. These sensors are different in structure, installation procedure, cost and sensitivity to environmental conditions. Fatigue performance of piezoelectric weighinmotion sensors. Most wim systems utilize crystalline quartz piezoelectric.
Laboratory and field evaluation of piezoelectric weigh in. Weigh in motion technology economics and performance. Tests are performed comparing dynamic weight measurements with preweighed values. Relative to wim systems, piezoelectric sensors are possibly the most frequently mentioned, and more specifically, quartz piezoelectric sensors. Volume 29, issue 6 laboratory and field evaluation of piezoelectric weighinmotion sensors received 20 november 2000.
Two class 1 sensors, two inductive loops, and one temperature sensor are supplied for each lane of data collection. Weighinmotion sensors installation and calibration. Traffic counting equipment transportation control systems. Highspeed weighinmotion system calibration practices. The sensor consists of the sensitive elements and loadcarrying beam. Highspeed weigh in motion system calibration practices. The evolution of the piezoelectric measuring chain. Axle weights for 5axle tractor semitrailer trucks were.
Investigation of environmental impacts on piezoelectric weigh. Highmediumlowspeed weighinmotion quartz sensor qfree. Study on dynamic weighing system of high precision array piezoelectric quartzj. All vehicles exiting nagoya port are weighed dynamically. Dear colleagues, structural health monitoring shm of civil structures and infrastructure aims at detecting any potential damage, which might lead to an irreversible reduction of their stiffness and strength characteristics and, possibly, to catastrophic events. Evaluating innovative sensors and techniques for measuring traffic. Wim lanea any lane that is instrumented with weighin motion sensors. Piezoelectric weighinmotion sensors technical evaluation report not available on. The connecticut department of transportation in cooperation with the federal highway administration fhwa was the first to install quartz piezoelectric sensors on an inservice highway in the united states of america. Vibration and engine knock sensor interface 20soic. A vendor representative to supervise installation, a subcontractor to perform the.
Piezoelectric weigh in motion sensors technical evaluation report not available on. Study on dynamic weighing system of high precision array piezoelectric quartz j. To address the high cost of current piezoelectric sensors in installation and maintenance, a study on developing a lowcost piezoceramic sensing system is presented in this paper. Wim guidebook, part 1 fhwa us department of transportation. Weighinmotion wim sensor response model using pavement. Quartz piezoelectric weighinmotion wim sensors are potentially appealing because of their low sensitivity to temperature fluctuations, according to. Vibration and engine knock sensor interface 20soic 40 to 125. Wim controller system manual console weighinmotion scale slc, bp, quartz piezoelectric sensors overheight detection system enforcement camera system changeable message signs automatic vehicle identification, avi system the wim system may contain one or all of the following. The weighpads were installed right next to a wim site constructed using kistler lineas quartz sensors and an ird isync wim system. In the case of quartz piezoelectric sensors, one sensor is used for each of the two wheel paths in a lane. Installation of quartz piezo weigh in motion wim sensors. Unfortunately, it seems i could never find enough time to construct a good web page that i wish to provide. Based on piezoelectric effect of quartz crystal, a piezoelectric sensor with the range of 150 kn has been developed for weighing in motion wim. The evaluation verified that the piezoelectric quartz sensor technology has the best weight.
In order to decrease the cost and difficulty of processing of the loadcarrying beam, separate structure of the loadcarrying beam is designed with series bolts. Performing organization name and address department of electrical engineering university of minnesota duluth 271 mwah, 1023 university drive duluth, mn, 55812. Development of a decisionsupport tool for prefabrication, preassembly, modularization, and offsite fabrication, research report rr 17112, construction industry institute, austin, tx, 2002 this publication includes computer software on cd that was written by song. Piezo ceramic, piezo polymer and quartz sensors are three widely used piezoelectric sensors. Evaluation of quartz piezoelectric weighinmotion sensors. M et al 2004 traffic load spectra development for the 2002 aashto design guide buchanan, m.
An evaluation of quartz piezoelectric weighinmotion sensors article in transportation research record journal of the transportation research board 19451. Installation of quartz piezo weighinmotion wim sensors. The guidebook is included as chapter 4 of this final report. The trs product line offers superior data collection capability and flexibility. Implementation and evaluation of a lowcost weighinmotion. Field experiments in cpatts long term program of pavement. Under this item the contractor shall furnish and install quartz piezoelectric weigh in motion wim sensor sets as shown in the contract documents or as directed by the engineer. Installation and evaluation of weighinmotion utilizing quartzpiezo. Kistler group world biggest piezoelectric 3axis force sensor with a measuring range of up to 450kn in the z axis and 100kn in the x and y axes, the worlds largest piezoelectric triaxial force transducer, type 9397c, has a unique measuring capacity. Quartz piezoelectric weigh in motion wim sensors are potentially appealing because of their low sensitivity to temperature fluctuations, according to information gathered from previous installations in other states. Montana weighinmotion wim and automatic traffic recorder. Evaluating weighinmotion sensing technology for traffic. Dec 15, 2017 there are four groups of sixteen wim sensors piezoelectric ceramics, polymer, quartz and optical technology and one of pavement evaluation sensors strain, pressure and temperature on the test site. Developing specifications for the longterm pavement performance program karamihas, s.
Weighinmotion wim technology has been applied in traffic monitoring and weight. Available wim sensors in the market such as load cell, bending plate, and piezoelectric sensor, etc. Smart materials and structures, volume 29, number 2. The results of the laboratory evaluation of the fatigue characteristics of the piezoelectric weighinmotion sensors of two manufacturers, vibracoax vc and measurements specialties incorporated. A fully electric tuning fork resonance frequency measurement system designed by the authors offers an effective. Investigation of the effect of weight factor on performance of piezoelectric weighinmotion sensors. All piezoelectric sensors are placed in the travel lane perpendicular to the direction of travel enabling the wheels of one axle to hit the sensor at the same time. Installation and evaluation of weighinmotion utilizing. The unique construction of the sensor allows direct installation into the road in a flexible format so that it can conform to the profile of the road. Application of piezoelectric tuning fork mass sensors to bacterial biofilm growth evaluation is presented in this paper.
Improvements in piezoelectric sensors and wim data collection. Kitraffic and its lineas quartz sensors reach an accuracy of up to 2. Tpp collects wim data via telemetry, processes the data into card2, card4, and card7 formats as detailed in the traffic monitoring guide, and submits them to analysis staff and longterm pavement program ltpp coordinator. The certified weigh in motion wim systems from kistler collect and process. Piezoelectric weigh in motion sensors technical evaluation report. In the case of quartz piezoelectric sensors, one sensor. Design and fabrication of a piezoelectric sensor for weighing. Technology deployment challenges and guidelines on the use of weighinmotion in roadside enforcement, submitted by cambridge systematics to the federal highway administration, april 2009, as part of the truck size and weight. Up to date, more than 50000 lineas quartz sensors were installed in more than 50 countries. Then a remote wim system is designed and installed to conduct the evaluation of sensors. Table 2 summary of wim sensor technology assessment 43. Tool development and assessment process analysis and optimization process.
Kistler has 20 years of experience in weigh in motion. The miniature pressure sensors of the type 603c series are, due to their high natural frequency, suited for a variety of applications where highly dynamic pressure transients need to be measured. Quartz piezoelectric weighinmotion wim sensors are potentially appealing because of their low sensitivity to temperature fluctuations, according to information gathered from previous installations in other states. In the case of quartz piezoelectric sensors, one sensor is used for each of the two wheel paths in a. Recently, there has been a growing interest in the development of piezoelec tric sensors as an alternative to the conventional weigh in motion scales 9. Investigation of the effect of weight factor on performance of piezoelectric weigh in motion sensors. Type i systems weigh the right and left hand side axles individually, whereas type ii systems weigh entire axles. The model 8405 piezoelectric accelerometer is a completely selfcontained vibration measuring system having a builtin amplifier within the housing. An evaluation of quartz piezoelectric weighinmotion sensors. Evaluation of pseudomonas aeruginosa biofilm formation. Design, construction and operation of a prototype to.